basics

November 1, 2026

Work out the series resistor for one or more LEDs: resistance, the next standard value, the actual current and the resistor's power rating.

October 22, 2026

Work out an SMD resistor's value from the code printed on it: 3 and 4 digits, R codes (4R7, R47) and EIA-96 (01C).

October 20, 2026

Work out a resistor's value from its color bands: 4, 5 and 6 bands, tolerance, temperature coefficient and the E6–E192 standard series.